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ANISOMETROPIA Causes/Symptoms &Treatment

What is Anisometropia ?

Anisometropia is an ophthalmic condition in which the refractive power of the eyes is unequal. The optical condition with equal refraction in both eyes is called isometropia.
When the total refraction of both eyes is unequal then this condition is called anisometropia.This inequality can cause various visual disturbances and significantly affect the quality of life.However, small degrees of anisometropia are not a matter of concern. If it is more than 4 D, it is not tolerated and is a matter of concern.When a person has anisometropia, there is a difference in vision between their two eyes. They will see a smaller image in one eye and a larger image in the other. The result is that their overall vision is often blurred. Anisometropia can also be present at birth, although often it only becomes apparent later in life. Another possible consequence of anisometropia is amblyopia (lazy eye), which can occur when one eye becomes blurry for a period of time and becomes permanently impaired


Clinical Types:

  • Simple anisometropia- When only one eye is affected In this one eye is normal (emmetropic) and the other is either myopic (simple myopic anisometropia) or hypermetropic (simple hypermetropic anisometropia)

  • Mixed anisometropia- When both eyes are affected in the same way In this both eyes are either hypermetropic (compound hypermetropic anisometropia) or myopic (compound myopic anisometropia), but one eye has a higher refractive error than the other

  • Mixed anisometropia-When both eyes have a refractive error, but one is nearsighted, and the other is farsighted. This is also called antimetropia

  • Simple astigmatic anisometropia-When one eye is normal and the other has simple myopic or hypermetropic astigmatism

  • Mixed astigmatic anisometropia-When both eyes are astigmatic but of unequal degrees. This means that the refractive error correction is poor along one meridian or axis, and the eyes have astigmatism of different magnitudes

Cause of Anisometropia  

Its causes include congenital factors, trauma, cataracts or surgical intervention. If left untreated it can lead to amblyopia lazy Eye.

  • Genetic factors: If a family member has anisometropia, others may be more likely to develop it as well. This is due to differences in the growth and development of the eyes.

  • Acquired factors: Certain conditions, such as cataracts, eye injury or surgery, can cause anisometropia.

  • Developmental factors: Anisometropia can also develop due to uneven eye growth in childhood. As the eyes grow, any discrepancy in their growth can cause differences in refractive power.

Symptoms of Anisometropia 

Anisometropia which can vary greatly in severity depending on the degree of refractive disparity between the eyes. Symptoms can vary depending on the severity of the condition:

Blurred vision – one eye can see clearly but not the other, causing blurred vision due to the difference in refractive error.

Eye strain – trying to focus with different visual inputs can cause eye strain, especially when reading or using a computer.

Headache – the brain struggles to match images from both eyes in an attempt to compensate for the difference in vision, which can cause headaches.

Visual discomfort – the difference in image size and clarity between the two eyes can cause discomfort, especially in difficult vision situations.

Amblyopia (lazy eye) – in children, if left untreated, anisometropia can lead to amblyopia, causing the brain to prioritise the eye with the clearest vision, which can interfere with the development of the other eye.

Double vision (diplopia) – In some cases, the brain is unable to properly integrate two separate images, resulting in diplopia or double vision.






  

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